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Evaluation method

Optical characteristic Reflectance spectrum (400~800nm)

Film Products:
Reflectance spectrum (400~800 nm) of the ARAS coated side was measured at ±5°regular reflectance using JASCO UV-VIS spectrophotometer U-best V560 after peeling off the protect film on the ARAS coated side and the non-ARAS coated side had been sanded and painted black. The PSA layer could be easy to remove with ethanol rubbing.

Sheet products:
Reflectance spectrum (400~800 nm) of a sheet was measured at ±5°regular reflectance using JASCO UV-VIS spectrophotometer U-best V560 after peeling off the protect films of both sides.

Minimum reflectance Minimum reflectance is defined as the bottom reflectance of the reflectance spectrum. If the spectrum has ripple on the curve, minimum reflectance is defined as the center reflectance of the ripple around the bottom reflectance spectrum.
Wavelength of minimum reflectance The wavelength of minimum reflectance was read from a reflectance spectrum by 5 nm.
Photopic reflectance Photopic reflectance for CIE standard illuminant D65 defined by JIS Z8720:2000 was calculated from a reflectance spectrum in the range 380 to 780nm.
Total transmittance Total transmittance of the sample was measured using Haze Meter NDH-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries, based on JIS K7361-1:1997 after peeling off the protect film and the separate film.
Transmittance spectrum (400~800nm) Transmittance spectrum (400~800nm) of the sample was measured using Shimadzu UV-VIS spectrophotometer UV-1600PC after peeling off the protect film and the separate film.
Haze Haze of the sample was measured using Haze Meter NDH-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries, based on JIS K7136:2000 after peeling off the protect film and the separate film.
Glossiness After peeling off the protect film, the ARASAG film was putted on the white paper KB-39, KOKUYO, stacked ten sheets, the ARAS coated side upward. Glossiness of the sample was measured using Handy gloss meter HG-268, Suga Tests Instruments.
Transmittance Color Transmittance color of the sample was measured using Spectrophotometer SQ-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries, after peeling off the protect film and the separate film.
Reflectance Color Reflectance color for CIE standard illuminant D65 defined by JIS Z8720:2000 was calculated from a reflectance spectrum in the range 380 to 780nm.

Physical characteristic Pencil hardness Pencil hardness of the sample was measured based on JIS K5400-1990 after peeling off the protect film. The sample was set on a glass plate (2 mm) with Sellotape, and was evaluated by breakage of ARAS coat by visual inspection. The dent of the adhesive layer was neglected.
Coating adhesion Grid adhesion test of the sample was conducted based on JIS D0202-1988 after peeling off the protect film.
Method
- to make One-hundred-sectioned grid (10×10 sections), where a mesh is 1 mm, on the ARAS coated surface.
- to stick Nichiban #CT-24 adhesive tape on the grid and to rub by eraser so as to adhere completely the tape on the film, then to sharply remove. (vertical to the surface).
- to count the number of sections remaining without damage by visual inspection. "100/100" means no damage observed; conversely, "0/100" means completely damaged.
Scratch resistance

Scratch resistance of the sample was measured after peeling off the protect film.
Method
- to attach a piece of steel wool (using #0000 steel wool, a diameter of 10mm) with prescribed load (e.g. 200gf load).
- to rub the ARAS coated surface by it for prescribed cycles( e.g. 10 cycles).(25mm stroke width, 30 mm/sec speed).
- to count scratch lines by visual inspection and evaluate as follows.
Evaluation
A: The number of scratch lines is in the range of 0~10.
B: The number of scratch lines is in the range of 11~20.
C: The number of scratch lines is more than 21.

The steel wool had been cut and scrubbed to be flat surface.

Abrasion resistance

Abrasion resistance of the sample was measured after peeling off the protect film.
Method
- to attach a piece of cloth ("TORAYSEE", by Toray ) with prescribed load (e.g. 300gf load).
- to rub the ARAS coated surface by it for prescribed cycles( e.g. 1000 cycles) (23mm stroke width, 20mm/sec speed).
- to observe the surface by visual inspection and evaluate as follows.
Evaluation
A: No damage was observed
B: The damage below one third of the load area was observed.
C: The damage above one third of the load area was observed.

The cloth folded in four was attached to the metal bar (a diameter of 15 mm) with a rubber band.

Surface resistivity Surface resistivity of the ARAS coated side was measured using digital super megohm meter DSM-8220, DKK-TOA Corp., based on JIS K6911-1995 after peeling off the protect film.
Peel force (PSA layer) After lamination to acrylic sheet (Delaglas A, Asahi Kasei Chemicals) or float glass (FL2.0, Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd.), the film peel off force of the sample was measured based on ISO8510-1.
Peel force (separate film) Peel force of the separate film was measured based on ISO8510-1.
Durability for POM pen rubbing test

Durability for POM pen rubbing test of the sample was measured by following procedures.

  1. To attach POM pen (radius of the nib: 0.8 mm) with above-mentioned load (200g load).
  2. To rub the sample surface under above-mentioned load using the rubbing machine for 5000×10 cycles (25mm stroke width,
    100mm/sec speed).
  3. To evaluate the surface condition based on the criterion.
Martens hardness Martens hardness of the sample was measured by Fisher scope (H100) made by the H.Fischer company. (maximum load: 2mN)
Elastic recovery work Elastic recovery work of the sample was measured by Fisher scope (H100) made by the H.Fischer company. (maximum pushing
load: 2mN)
Static friction coeffcient

Static friction coefficient of the sample was measured by following procedures.

  1. To attach POM pen (radius of the nib: 0.8 mm) at the angle of 45°with above-mentioned load (200g load).
  2. To rub the sample with surface property tester(Shinto Scientific Co.Ltd.TYPE14DR).(moved distance:100mm and the
    speeds:6000mm/min).
Kinetic friction coeffcient

Kinetic friction coefficient of the sample was measured by following procedures.

  1. To attach POM pen (radius of the nib: 0.8 mm) at the angle of 45°with above-mentioned load (200g load).
  2. To rub the sample surface with surface property tester(Shinto Scientific Co.Ltd.TYPE14DR).(Moved distance:100mm and the
    speeds:6000mm/min).
Anti-fingermark property (Quantitative) Sample was stamped with suitable amount of quasi liquid of fingermark by silicon rubber stamp. Anti-fingermark property was evaluated by the difference of haze before and after stamping.
Less deference shows higher performance.
Anti-fingermark property (Qualitative) Film sample was attached on half side of glass. After fingermark stamped on film and glass at same time, anti-fingermark property was evaluated according to the 4 grades mentioned below;
4; Fingermark on the film cannot be recognized
3; Fingermark on the film was slightly recognized.
2; Fingermark was clearly recognized.
1; Fingermark was recognized more clearly than that on glass.

Film property Water absorption The samples without the protect and separate film (76.2mm×25.4mm) were dried using oven (50℃) for 24 hours and cooled down in desiccator for 2 hours and the weight (A) of the sample was measured. Then the samples were immersed in distilled water(23±1℃) for 2 hours. After the samples were taken out of the water, they were wiped off and the weight (B) of them was measured.
Water absorption (C) was calculated on the increase of the weight, according to the following equation.
C=(B-A)/A
Water vapor transmission rate The water vapor transmission rate of the samples without the protect and separate film were measured using a MOCON PERMATRAN-W3/31 based on JIS K7129B under 40℃, 90%RH.
In case the base film was PET, transmission area was 50cm2 and in case the base film was TAC, the area was 5 cm2.
Flammability The flammability of the samples without the protect film were tested based on UL94VTM.
Modulus of elasticity

The samples without the protect film were cut and shaped into dumbbell (width of narrow position 10 mm, length of narrow parallel-sided portion 40 mm) based on JIS K6734:1995. Modulus of elasticity in tension of the samples was measured based on JIS K7161:1994.

Dimensional change on heating (MD, TD) The dimensional change on heating of the sample without the protect film was tested based on JIS K7133 under 150℃, 30min.
Linear thermal expansion coefficient The Linear thermal expansion coefficient of the sample without the protect film was tested based on JIS K7133 under 30~
100℃.

Reliability
Chemical resistance Test sample

Film products
The samples of the AR films without the protect and separate film were cut (65mm×65mm) and attached to acrylic sheet (Delaglas A, Asahi Kasei Chemicals) or float glass (FL2.0, Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd.), which were 75mm×75mm (2mm thick).

Sheet products
The samples of the AR sheets without the protect film were cut in 75mm×75mm.

Acid (pH=1, hydrochloric acid solution.) The samples were immersed in test chemicals for a 10-minute stretch. After the samples were taken out of the chemicals, they were wiped off using water or solvent, and dried. Then the surface of the samples was cleaned with cleaning cloth, the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.
Alkali (pH=13, aqueous sodium hydrate solution.)
Ethanol (super-high grade reagent)
Saline
Neutral detergent
Oil (Salad oil)
Glass cleaner
Soft drink
Artificial finger oil

Durability test Test sample

Film products
Product without PSA layer (The end of a product number is 0) : The samples of the AR films without the protect film were cut in 65mm×65mm.
Product with PSA layer (The end of a product number is 1 or 2) : The samples of the AR films without the protect and separate film were cut (65mm×65mm) and attached to acrylic sheet (Delaglas A, Asahi Kasei Chemicals) or float glass (FL2.0, Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd.), which were 75mm×75mm (2mm thick).

Sheet products
The samples of the AR sheets without the protect film were cut in 75mm×75mm.

Heat resistance The samples were placed into a heat chamber set at 80±2 ℃ for prescribed time. Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.
Humidity resistance The samples were placed into a humidity chamber set at 60±2℃ and relative humidity of 90%RH for prescribed time. Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.
Cold resistance The samples were placed into a cold chamber set at -40±2℃ for prescribed time. Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.
UV resistance

UV exposure test was conducted according to JIS K 7350-2-1995 (Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 2:Xenon-arc source) on a Xenon Weather-Ometer Ci4000, Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC. Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured. Test condition was as follows.
Irradiance integral : 50W/m2 (300~400 nm)
BST temperature : 65±3℃
Relative humidity : 50±5%
Inner filter: Type S borosilicate
Outer filter: Soda lime glass
Water spray: none
Irradiation time: 100h, 200h

For your information, 100 and 200 hours irradiation is roughly estimated to be 10 years and 20 years indoor use, respectively.

Thermal cycling test

The samples were tested under following temperature cycle.
‐30℃/30 min.⇔ 80℃/30 min.× 100 cycles (temperature up for 1 hour and down for 2 hours)

Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.

Thermal shock Test

The samples were tested under following temperature cycle.
‐40℃/30min. ⇔ 80℃/30min.×10 cycles (abruptly exposure)

Then the change of the optical and physical characteristic between before and after test was measured.


Measuring method Reflection spectrum (400~800nm)

Film Products:
Reflectance spectrum (400~800 nm) of the ARAS coated side was measured at ±5°regular reflectance using JASCO UV-VIS spectrophotometer U-best V560.

Product without PSA layer (The end of a product number is 0) : The sample was measured after peeling off the protect film on the ARAS coated side and the non-ARAS coated side had been sanded and painted black.

Product with PSA layer (The end of a product number is 1 or 2) : The samples of the AR films without the protect and separate film were cut (65mm×65mm) and attached to acrylic sheet (Delaglas A, Asahi Kasei Chemicals) or float glass (FL2.0, Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd.), which were 75mm×75mm (2mm thick).

Sheet products
The samples were measured after peeling off the protect films of both sides.

Minimum reflectance Minimum reflectance is defined as the bottom reflectance of the reflectance spectrum. If the spectrum has ripple on the curve, minimum reflectance is defined as the center reflectance of the ripple around the bottom reflectance spectrum.
Wavelength of minimum reflectance The wavelength of minimum reflectance was read from a reflectance spectrum by 5 nm.
Total transmittance Total transmittance of the sample was measured using Haze Meter NDH-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries, based on JIS K7361-1:1997.
Haze Haze of the sample was measured using Haze Meter NDH-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries, based on JIS K7136:2000.
Glossiness The sample was putted on the white paper KB-39, KOKUYO, stacked ten sheets, the ARAS coated side upward. Glossiness of the sample was measured using Handy gloss meter HG-268, Suga Tests Instruments.
Transmittance Color Transmittance color of the sample was measured using Spectrophotometer SQ-2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries.
Pencil hardness Pencil hardness of the sample was measured based on JIS K5400-1990. The sample was evaluated by breakage of ARAS coat by visual inspection. The dent of the adhesive layer was neglected.
Coating adhesion Grid adhesion test of the sample was conducted based on JIS D0202-1988.
Method
- to make One-hundred-sectioned grid (10×10 sections), where a mesh is 1 mm, on the ARAS coated surface.
- to stick Nichiban #CT-24 adhesive tape on the grid and to rub by eraser so as to adhere completely the tape on the film, then to sharply remove. (vertical to the surface).
- to count the number of sections remaining without damage by visual inspection. "100/100" means no damage observed; conversely, "0/100" means completely damaged.
Scratch resistance

Scratch resistance of the sample was measured as follows.
Method
- to attach a piece of steel wool (using #0000 steel wool, a diameter of 10mm) with prescribed load (e.g. 200gf load).
- to rub the ARAS coated surface by it for prescribed cycles( e.g. 10 cycles).(25mm stroke width, 30 mm/sec speed).
- to count scratch lines by visual inspection and evaluate as follows.
Evaluation
A: The number of scratch lines is in the range of 0~10.
B: The number of scratch lines is in the range of 11~20.
C: The number of scratch lines is more than 21.

The steel wool had been cut and scrubbed to be flat surface.

Abrasion resistance

Abrasion resistance of the sample was measured after peeling off the protect film.
Method
- to attach a piece of cloth ("TORAYSEE", by Toray ) with prescribed load (e.g. 300gf load).
- to rub the ARAS coated surface by it for prescribed cycles( e.g. 1000 cycles) (23mm stroke width, 20mm/sec speed).
- to observe the surface by visual inspection and evaluate as follows.
Evaluation
A: No damage was observed
B: The damage below one third of the load area was observed.
C: The damage above one third of the load area was observed.

The cloth folded in four was attached to the metal bar (a diameter of 15 mm) with a rubber band.

Surface resistivity Surface resistivity of the ARAS coated side was measured using digital super megohm meter DSM-8220, DKK-TOA Corp., based on JIS K6911-1995 after peeling off the protect film.

Anti-smudge Permanent marker

The ARAS coated surface was contaminated with following substances at the size of 5mmφ. Instantly, the surface was wiped off with KIMWIPE wipers S-200, Crecia, rubbing 50 cycles. Then sellotape (Nichiban #CT-24) was attached to the contaminated area, and removed. The removal of contamination was checked by visual inspection from a distance of 40cm and evaluated by following basis.

A: No peeling mark was observed.
B: Slight peeling mark was observed.
C: Obvious peeling mark was observed.
D: The contamination couldn't remove.

Oil
Lipstick
Fingerprint
Contact angle for water Contact Angle
Static Contact Angle of the ARAS coated side was measured using CA-A, Kyowa Interface Science Co. Ltd., after peeling off the protect film.
Contact angle for n-dodecane


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